雄安新区はゴーストタウンなのか?
何もないところから都市をつくる——それが中国の最新の「スマートシティ」、雄安(Xiongan)です。北京の混雑を緩和する目的で大規模な投資と政府の支援を受けたこの都市は、未来型都市のモデルとして計画されました。しかし多くの建物は今も空のままです。このレッスンでは、なぜXionganが作られたのか、どんな問題があるのかを一緒に学びましょう。
SUMMARY
Xiongan(雄安)は北京の混雑緩和を目的として建設されたスマートシティで、費用は約930億ドルにも上ります。習近平主席の支援を受けたこのプロジェクトには、巨大なインフラや駅、住宅などが含まれています。しかし多くの区域は現在も空で、住んでいる人の多くは立ち退きさせられた地元の住民か建設労働者です。2023年の洪水では、Xionganを守るために他の町に水を流したことで批判も起こりました。経済の停滞や人口減少の中、この都市が成功するかは未知数であり、中国の都市計画や政治の今後を左右する重要な試金石となっています。
CEFRレベル:B1(中級)
このビデオは中程度の長さで、ナレーションは明瞭かつ標準的なスピードで行われています。都市計画、政治、インフラに関する語彙が多く使われており、抽象的な概念にも軽く触れています。中級レベルの学習者(B1)にとって、リスニング練習・語彙強化・社会問題への理解を深めるのに適しています。
TOEICスコア目安:600〜750点
このコンテンツは、TOEICスコアで中級以上(Listeningセクションで300点以上が望ましい)の学習者に適しています。パート3・4のような長めの説明を理解し、要点をつかむ力を養う教材として有効です。
ESL LEARNING OBJECTIVES(英語学習の目的)
- Learn vocabulary related to urban development and infrastructure
- 都市開発やインフラに関する語彙を学ぶ
- Practice listening skills aimed at comprehension and inference
- 内容理解と推論を目的としたリスニングスキルを練習する
- Discuss causes and effects in urban development
- 都市発展における原因と結果を話し合う
- Develop skills to compare urban environments
- 都市環境を比較するスキルを伸ばす
OTHER LEARNING OBJECTIVES(その他の学習目的)
- Understand the background of government-led projects in China
- 中国の政府主導プロジェクトの背景を知る
- Consider the social and ethical impacts of megaprojects
- メガプロジェクトの社会的・倫理的影響を考える
WATCHING STRATEGY TIP(視聴アドバイス)
ビデオを見ながら、「なぜXionganが建設されたのか」「どのような批判があるのか」をメモしましょう。
PRE-WATCH QUESTIONS(視聴前の質問)
- What problems might come from building a new city from nothing?
- Why do you think people might not move into a newly built city?
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS(理解チェック)
- What is the main purpose of building Xiongan?
- How much money has China invested in Xiongan?
- What did Xiongan look like seven years ago?
- Why was Xiongan protected during the floods of 2023?
- What is unique about Xiongan compared to Beijing?
- Why are many homes in Xiongan currently empty?
- What happened to the people living in villages destroyed to build Xiongan?
- What challenges does Xiongan face today?
TRUE / FALSE(正誤問題)
- Xiongan was built to relieve congestion in Beijing.
- The city cost less than $50 billion to construct.
- Floodwaters were redirected away from Xiongan into other areas.
- Xiongan is already fully populated.
- Shenzhen’s growth was meticulously planned like Xiongan’s.
- Xiongan restricts home prices to avoid speculation.
- Many current residents of Xiongan are construction workers.
- Villagers displaced by Xiongan received generous compensation.
- Xiongan’s population is projected to reach 5 million.
- President Xi Jinping has a strong personal connection to Xiongan’s success.
RELEVANT ROLE / PROFESSION(関連職業)
都市計画担当者(Urban Planner)。
職業向けの質問
- What are the main factors you consider when planning a new city?
- How do you decide on the population density?
- What makes a city attractive for new residents?
- How can planners prevent urban projects from becoming “ghost cities”?
- How do you balance environmental impact with urban development?
- What strategies do you use to involve local communities in planning?
- Why are transportation hubs crucial in new cities?
- How do urban planners predict future city growth?
GLOSSARY(語彙集)
English | Simple definition | Example sentence | Japanese translation |
---|---|---|---|
Flattened | Made level or destroyed | The village was flattened to build a road. | 平らにされた |
Congested | Very crowded | Beijing is very congested with cars. | 混雑した |
Metropolis | A large, busy city | Tokyo is a huge metropolis. | 大都市 |
Whopping | Extremely large | It cost a whopping $93 billion. | 莫大な |
Showcase | Display something proudly | Xiongan is a showcase for technology. | 見本 |
Residential | Area for homes | This area is residential, not commercial. | 住宅の |
Compound | Area with many buildings | They live in a residential compound. | 敷地 |
Terminus | Last stop of a train line | Xiongan has a big train terminus. | 終着駅 |
Legacy | Something passed to the future | Xiongan is part of Xi’s legacy. | 遺産 |
Diverted | Sent in a different direction | Floodwater was diverted from Xiongan. | 迂回された |
Speculators | People who buy to sell later at profit | Speculators drove up home prices. | 投機家 |
Compensation | Money paid for loss | Villagers got compensation for lost homes. | 補償 |
Sprawling | Spread out widely | Shenzhen had sprawling growth. | 無秩序に広がった |
Decoupling | Separation | China faces economic decoupling from the West. | 分離 |
Venture | Business project | Xiongan is a major venture. | 事業 |
PHRASAL / PREPOSITIONAL VERBS LIST(句動詞・前置詞動詞)
- Make way – Clear space for – 道を開ける
- Stake on – Depend heavily on – 頼りにする
- Move into – Start operating in a place – 引っ越して入る
文法ポイント
1. Passive Voice / 受動態
「何かが〜される」ことを表す文型
- Xiongan ___ (build) to reduce congestion.
- Homes ___ (flatten) for construction.
- Water ___ (divert) away from the city.
- The project ___ (support) by the government.
- Villagers ___ (compensate) for their land.
- The station ___ (complete) in under 10 years.
- The area ___ (protect) from flooding.
- Billions ___ (spend) on the new city.
2. Comparatives and Superlatives / 比較級・最上級
「〜より…だ」「一番〜だ」を表す文法
- Xiongan is ___ (modern) than most cities.
- It is one of the ___ (large) train stations in China.
- The buildings are ___ (short) than in Beijing.
- Xiongan is ___ (quiet) than the capital.
- This city is ___ (planned) than Shenzhen.
- That station is the ___ (impressive) I’ve seen.
- Beijing is ___ (crowded) than Xiongan.
- This is the ___ (expensive) city project in China.
発音のヒント
過去形の動詞(built, plannedなど)の語尾をはっきり発音しましょう。
発展的な質問
- Would you live in a city like Xiongan? Why or why not?
- What makes a city feel alive or empty?
- Should governments force people to move for urban projects?
- Do you think smart cities will be common in the future?
- What are the pros and cons of planned cities?
- Is it fair to protect some areas over others during disasters?
- What kind of city would you design if you could?
- What do you think the future of Xiongan will be?
実践課題
新しい都市に家族が住みたくなるようなポイントを3つ書き出しましょう。
ライティング課題
あなたの国で新しい都市をつくる計画があります。良いアイデアだと思いますか?理由や希望、不安などを簡単に書いてください。(50〜80語)
政治、都市開発、世界の課題など、リアルなトピックを通して英語力を伸ばしてみませんか?ナチュラルイングリッシュでは、この「雄安スマートシティ」に関するビデオのような本物の教材を使って、語彙力、リスニング力、そして考える力を養います。英検やTOEICの準備中の方、英語で世界を理解したい方にも最適です。ぜひ体験レッスンにお申し込みください!
ANSWERS WITH TIMESTAMPS(理解問題の答え+タイムスタンプ)
- To reduce overcrowding in Beijing by creating a new smart city nearby. (0:26–0:31)
- About $93 billion. (0:42–0:46)
- It was mostly cornfields and swamps. (0:33–0:38)
- Because officials wanted to protect Xiongan as a priority during the 2023 floods. (2:29–2:38)
- It is low-density, has height restrictions on buildings, and more green space. (4:01–4:08)
- People don’t appear to be interested in moving there. (3:38)
- They were relocated and given compensation, but many felt it was not enough. (4:28–4:49)
- It faces economic slowdown, population decline, and low interest from residents. (5:05–5:20)
正誤の答え
1T, 2F, 3T, 4F, 5F, 6T, 7T, 8F, 9T, 10T
SOURCE LICENCE NOTE(出典と使用ライセンス)
このビデオはYouTubeの標準ライセンスに基づき、教育目的で埋め込み使用されています。